Delhi is grappling with the dire smog, and people living in Delhi NCR are struggling with deteriorating air quality index. Meanwhile, its adverse effects on health are well-documented, but pregnant women, in particular, need to be cautious as they are more vulnerable to the harmful effects of air pollution. 

What Are The Risks?

Air pollution contains a mixture of harmful particles and gases, such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone. When pregnant women are exposed to these pollutants, it can have serious consequences for both their health and the developing foetus. Some of the risks associated with air pollution during pregnancy include:

Preterm Birth

Study conducted by University of California, San Francisco, and the University of Washington discovered that in 2019, air pollution was linked to about 6 million preterm births and nearly 3 million underweight newborns.

Low Birth Weight

“Air pollution can contribute to low birth weight, which is associated with an increased risk of health problems in infancy and later in life,” said Dr Sanjay Chaudhary, MBBS, MD, VMMC, New Delhi. 

Developmental Issues

“Exposure to air pollution may affect the baby’s development of the brain and lead to behavioural problems,” said Dr Chaudhary. 

Respiratory Problems

Children born to mothers exposed to air pollution during pregnancy may have an elevated risk of respiratory issues.

Protecting Yourself During Pregnancy

To minimise the risks associated with air pollution during pregnancy, here are some practical steps pregnant women can take:

Monitor Air Quality

Stay informed about air quality in your area by checking local air quality indices or using smartphone apps. Avoid outdoor activities on days with high pollution levels.

Wear Mask 

Expectant mothers who have a history of respiratory illness should also use a N95 grade mask when going outside, since it blocks at least 95% of very small (0.3 micron) test particles.

Limit Outdoor Activities

When outdoor air quality is poor, try to reduce time spent outside, especially during peak pollution hours.

Stay Active Safely

Regular exercise is essential during pregnancy, but choose indoor activities or opt for outdoor exercise in areas with cleaner air.

Hydrate and Maintain a Healthy Diet

It is advisable to add vitamin C in your diet. Staying well-hydrated and consuming a balanced diet rich in antioxidants can help your body combat the effects of pollution.

Avoid Polluted Areas

Be mindful of where you spend your time. Try to avoid places near industrial areas, heavy traffic, or areas with high pollution levels.

Don’t forget to consult a doctor

If you have concerns about air pollution and its impact on your pregnancy, consult your healthcare provider for guidance and personalised advice.

Air pollution poses a significant risk to pregnant women and their unborn children. By taking proactive steps to minimise exposure and maintain a healthy lifestyle, pregnant women can protect themselves and give their babies the best chance at a healthy start in life.

Amid pollution it is important to stay informed, making wise choices, and seeking medical advice when needed are key to safeguarding your pregnancy from the harmful effects of air pollution.