Pain in the liver can be a concerning symptom, and it’s essential to understand the possible underlying causes. While the liver itself doesn’t have pain receptors, discomfort in the upper right abdomen can signal issues related to this vital organ. Here are some potential reasons behind experiencing liver pain:
Hepatitis
Hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infections (hepatitis A, B, C, etc.). It can lead to liver pain, tenderness, and discomfort in the upper abdomen. Dr Viraj Lavingia, Director- GI Subspeciality in Medical Oncology, said that Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a substantial risk factor for liver cancer. More than half of all liver cancer cases are caused by chronic hepatitis B.
Fatty Liver Disease
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs when fat accumulates in the liver. In advanced stages, it can cause liver inflammation and pain.
Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
Excessive alcohol consumption can damage the liver, leading to conditions like alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis, which may cause liver pain.
Gallbladder Issues
The gallbladder is located near the liver, and gallstones or gallbladder inflammation can cause pain that is often felt in the upper right abdomen, mimicking liver pain.
Liver Abscess
A liver abscess is a collection of pus within the liver tissue. It can lead to severe pain, fever, and other symptoms.
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Liver Cysts
Non-cancerous liver cysts can sometimes cause discomfort if they become large or press on nearby structures.
Liver Cancer
Liver cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma, can cause liver pain in advanced stages when tumours grow and press against surrounding tissue.
Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is advanced scarring of the liver tissue. While it may not cause immediate pain, it can lead to discomfort and complications over time.
According to Dr Naresh Agarwal, Associate Director – Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Patparganj, cirrhosis of the liver is an advanced liver disease defined by severe irreversible fibrosis and significantly diminished liver functioning. Chronic hepatitis C or B, excessive alcohol intake, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), autoimmune diseases, or genetic problems can all cause it.
Other Liver Disorders
Various rare liver disorders, such as autoimmune hepatitis, Wilson’s disease, and hemochromatosis, can also cause liver-related pain.
Sometimes, pain originating from other organs, like the heart or lungs, can be felt in the upper abdomen, leading to confusion about the source of discomfort.
It’s important to remember that liver pain is just one possible symptom of these conditions, and additional symptoms often accompany it. If you or someone you know experiences persistent or severe pain in the liver area, along with symptoms like jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), unexplained weight loss, nausea, or changes in urine or stool colour, seek medical attention promptly.
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A doctor can perform a thorough evaluation, including physical exams and diagnostic tests (such as blood tests, imaging, and biopsies), to determine the cause of the pain and recommend appropriate treatment or further investigation. Early detection and intervention are often key to managing liver-related conditions effectively.
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