Artificially sweetened drinks have become a popular choice for those looking to reduce their sugar intake while still satisfying their sweet tooth. However, there may be a potential link between the consumption of artificially sweetened beverages and the formation of kidney stones. 

A study published in the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology followed 194,095 participants for eight years and found that the participants who drank artificially sweetened cola had a 23% higher risk of developing kidney stones. To understand more about this link, the OnlyMyHealth team spoke to Dr Puneet Bhuwania, Consultant Nephrologist & Transplant Physician at Wockhardt Hospitals, Mira Road.

How Are Kidney Stones Caused?

The National Kidney Foundation describes kidney stones as solid masses that form in the kidneys when certain substances, such as calcium, oxalate, and phosphorus, become concentrated. These crystals can combine and create stones of varying sizes. Kidney stone formation is complex and influenced by several factors, including diet, hydration, and genetics.

Talking about the repercussions of kidney stones, he said, “Kidney stones may cause intense pain, urinary tract infections, and kidney damage. The more the number of stones, the higher the risk of complications, such as blockages or reduced kidney function.”

Artificial Sweeteners Cause Kidney Stones

There are four main avenues through which artificially sweetened drinks may contribute to the formation of kidney stones.

Dehydration

The British Dietetic Association found that artificially sweetened drinks, particularly those containing caffeine, can have a diuretic effect, increasing urine production and potentially contributing to dehydration.

“Chronic dehydration causes urine to get concentrated, increasing the likelihood of crystals forming in the kidneys. If you do not drink enough water, it causes minerals like calcium and oxalate to accumulate and form kidney stones over time,” said Dr Bhuwania.

Oxalate Formation

Another theory behind the link between artificially sweetened drinks and kidney stones involves oxalate, a naturally occurring substance found in many foods and drinks. Johns Hopkins Medicine explained how oxalate can bind with calcium, forming crystals that contribute to kidney stone formation. The organisation shared that artificial sweeteners may increase oxalate levels in the urine, potentially elevating the risk of stone development.

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Phosphoric Acid Formation

Dr Bhawania said, “Artificially sweetened drinks can contribute to kidney stone formation due to high levels of phosphoric acid. This acid can increase urinary acidity, promoting the formation of crystals.”

Impact on Gut Microbiota

A study published in MDPI’s journal ‘Nutrients,’ found that artificial sweeteners like aspartame also influence the gut microbiota, the trillions of microorganisms residing in the digestive system. Changes in the gut microbiota composition may affect the absorption of certain nutrients, including those linked to kidney stone formation.

Also Read: Can Holding In Urine Lead To Kidney Stones? Doctor Answers

Dr Bhawania concluded that the link between artificially sweetened drinks and kidney stones underscores the importance of moderation and awareness in dietary choices. So if you are concerned about your intake of artificially sweetened drinks and their potential capacity to increase the risk of kidney stones, consider alternative beverage options, prioritise hydration, and maintain a balanced diet.